a. Consider the expression
Use the property
and cancel out the common terms in the numerator and denominator to simplify.
b. Consider the expression
Factorize and cancel out the common terms in the numerator and denominator to simplify.
c. Consider the expression
Cross multiply and cancel out the common terms in the numerator and denominator to simplify.
d. Consider the expression
Cross multiply and cancel out the common terms in the numerator and denominator to simplify.