The correct option is D
In Europe, the Protestant reforms discussed the authority of the papacy and the Catholic Church. In England, the authoritarian Henry VIII separated the papal authority from his kingdom, and established himself as head of the Anglican Church to be able to divorce. These religious wars later led, in the seventeenth century, the Thirty Years War, which ended the supremacy of the House of Habsburg in Europe. Meanwhile, in the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent.
This century was marked by the large number of wars that occurred throughout Europe, the most important were:
• 1501-1504: the Naples War broke out between Spain and France for the control of the Kingdom of Naples.
• 1512: the kingdom of Navarre peninsular is invaded by the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.
• 1525: the Spanish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire-Germanic defeat France in the battle of Pavia where King Francisco I himself is taken prisoner by Antonio de Leyva.
• 1527: The Sack of Rome is produced by troops of Emperor Charles V.
• 1544: France defeats a German-Spanish army at the Battle of Cerisoles.
• 1580: the Spanish and Portuguese crown are unified in Felipe II.
• 1585-1604: the Anglo-Spanish War that ends with the Treaty of London.
• 1588: the disaster of the Invincible Armada takes place, with which the Spanish plan by which it was intended that the thirds invaded England and dethroned Isabel I failed.