Final answer:
One criticism of the disease model is its failure to explain why people start drinking. Other models, such as social learning, tension-reduction, and alcohol myopic, offer different explanations for the initiation of alcohol consumption.
Step-by-step explanation:
One major criticism of the disease model of alcoholism is that it fails to address why people begin to drink. The disease model views alcoholism as a biological or genetic disease that individuals have little control over. However, it does not explain the factors that contribute to the initiation of alcohol consumption.
On the other hand, the social learning model suggests that people learn to drink through observation and socialization. According to this model, individuals are influenced by their environment, social norms, and peer pressure. It emphasizes the role of social and environmental factors in shaping alcohol consumption patterns.
The tension-reduction model proposes that individuals drink alcohol to cope with stress and relieve tension. It suggests that people use alcohol as a means of self-medication to alleviate negative emotions and stress. This model highlights the psychological motivations behind alcohol consumption.
Lastly, the alcohol myopic model posits that alcohol impairs cognitive functioning and narrows attention, leading individuals to focus on immediate rewards rather than long-term consequences. According to this model, alcohol consumption can lead to impulsive decision-making and risky behaviors. It explains why some individuals engage in excessive drinking despite negative consequences.