The question is missing some parts but here are the 3 answers:
1. Tell how you can analyze Jason’s reasoning.
If you want to analyze Jason's reasoning, you could a) examine yourself the same questions that Jason did and see if you would come with the same responses and used the same breakdown or b) analyze Jason's answer to look if he did an error or wasted a vital detail and made a supposed mistake.
2. Critique Jason’s reasoning
From the option b above. Jason first calculated 12 x 14 = 168. This calculation is correct, but what did he get? He needed to get the perimeter of the bedroom since it was only the wallpaper border, not the wallpaper itself - so getting the perimeter was needed. So Jason made an error here.
3. Explain why Jason's reasoning to use an overestimate does or does not make sense
Using an overestimate is a good idea- in circumstance some of the tape gets broken, he will have some left. But his calculations are incorrect. His overestimate will be a lot greater than would be real - he would be left with a lot of leftovers and use too much money.