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How is active transport possible since it contradicts the second law of thermodynamics?

User Jaustin
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The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system increases. The key thing to remember is "total entropy of a system". It's perfectly reasonable for the local entropy of part of a system to decrease as long as the total entropy of the entire system increases. In the case of active transport, energy is consumed in the form of ATP molecules.
User Fawad Masud
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