Let's start with the dotted line:
We know that, since it is a dotted line, it is an inequality (< or >, rather than ≤ or ≥). We also see that the area under this line is shaded, so it is a less-than inequality:
y < mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
The slope is -3, since the line moves down 3 and over 1
The y-intercept is 1
y < -3x + 1
For the second graph, we apply the same steps:
y ≥ mx + b
m = 1/2 (up one, over 2), b = -1
y ≥ (1/2)x -1
System of inequalities:
y < -3x + 1
y ≥ (1/2)x -1