The picture is pretty blurry, and some of the words are hard to make out.
In picture-D, Polaris is at the observer's zenith ... Straight up over his head. This is a dead giveaway all by itself, and you don't really need to know anything about the sun.
The observer is at the North Pole.
(90 degrees north latitude)
The sun is rising ... he hasn't seen it at all for the past 6 months, and he is freezing his GPS off.