Final answer:
John Locke made a significant contribution to Enlightenment philosophy with his idea of the social contract, which emphasized the consent of the governed and the protection of individual rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Locke made several contributions to Enlightenment philosophy, but one of his most influential ideas was the concept of the social contract. Locke argued that governments are created by the people, and that individuals consent to be governed in exchange for the protection of their rights, such as life, liberty, and property. He believed that if a government failed in its duty to protect these rights, the people had the right to overthrow it and form a new government. Locke's ideas on the social contract have had a profound impact on political thought and were later incorporated into foundational documents such as the U.S. Constitution.