Question

1.(a) Describe a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction. What type of organic molecule (that we discussed in class) forms as a result of such reactions?(b) Describe an addition reaction. Do saturated or unsaturated organic molecules participate in addition reactions? Explain your reasoning.

Answer 1

A condensation reaction involves combining two molecules to form a single molecule and releases a small molecule like water. Addition reactions occur when an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, typically containing double or triple bonds.

Step-by-step explanation:

A condensation reaction, also known as dehydration synthesis, is a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single molecule, with the loss of a small molecule like water. This type of reaction forms organic molecules, such as peptides in the reaction between two amino acids. It involves the removal of an OH group from one molecule and an H group from another molecule to form a water molecule as a byproduct.

An addition reaction is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, resulting in a single product. Addition reactions are typically carried out by unsaturated organic molecules, such as alkenes or alkynes, due to the presence of double or triple bonds that allow for the addition of atoms or molecules.

Answer 2

(a) Condensation reaction is a reaction whereby two molecules combine to form a single molecule. During this reaction, water is removed. For example, two amino acids combine by a covalent bond, water molecule is then removed as a second product. Esterification is a type of condensation reaction, whereby an ester is formed from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. Another example of condensation reaction is saponification which describes the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of an ester.

(b) Addition reaction is a reaction whereby a double bond is broken by additing an element. Unsaturated organic molecules participate in addition reactions, this is because unsaturated organic molecules are those that have double bonds.

For example addition of hydrogen: Addition of hydrogen to a carbon-carbon double bond is called hydrogenation, which results in the removal of the double bond.