The fourth alternative is correct (D).
The Magna Carta was a document signed in 1215 to limit the powers of the monarchy in England. The purpose of the letter was to protect the nobles from excesses, forcing King John to respect laws instituted by the nobility.
In this context, the Magna Carta was considered one of the first steps towards Constitutionalism, and influenced the Constitution of the countries, including the United States. The division between the three powers adopted in the American Constitution is an example of carefulness to avoid overeating of a powerful central government. There were historical examples of absolutist monarchies in Europe, and the nascent country should protect itself from this risk.