We can model the problem using a right angle triangle.
The two sides, AB and BC are equal
By Pythagoras, we find the length of AC =

=

Using the sin ratio ⇒ sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse, we have

Using the cos ratio ⇒ cos θ = adjective/hypotenuse, we have

Using the tan ratio ⇒ tan θ = opposite/adjective, we have
