B. Me llamo Ernesto
¿Cómo te llamas? means "What is your name?"
A. se llama Ernesto translates to " it is called Ernesto" and wouldn't make sense when referring back to the context of the question.
C. te llamas Ernesto translates to "your name is Ernesto" and it has the same problem as A
D. soy de Ernesto translates to "I am from Ernesto" and also doesn't make sense
So that means B. me llamo Ernesto, which means "my name is Ernesto," is the correct answer.