Final answer:
Alcohol is classified as a depressant because it decreases neurotransmission levels and lowers arousal or stimulation in the brain. It depresses central nervous system activity and can have a range of effects depending on the dosage. Alcohol and other depressants work by facilitating the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alcohol is classified as a depressant because it decreases neurotransmission levels and lowers arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain. It falls under the category of psychoactive drugs known as depressants. Ethanol, commonly referred to as alcohol, is the main component of alcoholic beverages and has the ability to depress or reduce central nervous system activity.
Alcohol consumption can result in a range of effects depending on the dosage. At lower doses, it may cause mild sedation and poor coordination. Higher doses can lead to slurred speech, difficulty walking, and vomiting. Extreme doses can result in respiratory depression, coma, or even death.
Alcohol and other depressants exert their effects by facilitating the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA has a quieting effect on the brain, so drugs that agonize the GABA system have a quieting effect as well. This is why depressants like alcohol are often prescribed to treat anxiety and insomnia.