Final answer:
Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex molecules from food into simpler ones, releasing energy for the body's metabolic needs. It is part of metabolism, which includes both catabolic and anabolic reactions, essential for homeostasis, growth, and other life processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which the body breaks down substances and gets energy from food is known as catabolism. During catabolism, complex molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins from ingested food are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules. This breakdown releases energy that is essential for the body's metabolic processes. For instance, the break down of ATP releases energy needed for various cellular activities.
Metabolic processes, including both catabolism and anabolism, are constantly taking place in the body. The metabolic processes convert chemicals and energy into cellular components, a form of metabolism referred to as anabolism, while also decomposing organic matter through catabolism. Catabolic reactions release energy used to maintain homeostasis, support growth, and fuel other life processes.