The answer is B. What Raphael experienced when he started to feel an overwhelming fear seems to be a panic attack.
A panic attack is an abrupt onset of intense fear; what characterises a panic attack is that the symptoms reach a peak within minutes and then begin to subside, just as it happened to Raphael.
The rest of the possible answers, phobic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are conditions that the person experiences throughout prolonged periods of time, months or even years.