Final answer:
The function of ATP in living things is to provide and transport energy within cells for various biological processes, functioning like a rechargeable battery. It's a critical component for cellular activities including growth and movement, and its energy is harnessed when ATP is transformed into ADP or AMP.
Step-by-step explanation:
The function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in living things is to act as the main energy currency for cellular processes. ATP allows cells to store energy safely and to release it as needed to fuel various cellular activities. This is vital because living cells cannot store large amounts of free energy due to the risk of heat buildup which would damage cellular structures. ATP operates like a rechargeable battery, providing energy for processes such as growth, movement, active transport, and the synthesis of complex biomolecules.
When ATP is used, it releases one or two of its three phosphate groups, turning into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and releasing energy in the process. This energy is then harnessed to power energy-demanding activities within the cell. The energy derived from the metabolism of sources like glucose is used to regenerate ATP from ADP during cellular respiration through substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.