The answer is true. Companies improve the pay through performance linkage. Discrepancies and unfairness can be reduced by introducing gainsharing, ESOPs, and other plans that use objective performance measures. Where subjective measures of performance are essential, companies should depend on on multiple sources of information. Companies also must apply rewards soon after the presentation occurs, and in a large-enough dose (such as an extra pay rather than a pay increase), so that employees experience positive emotions when they receive the reward.