In Luke 24:13-35, the two disciples on the road to Emmaus have a surprise encounter with the risen Lord, Jesus Christ. There are basically four “stages” of communion in this encounter, and it’s the same four stages, in the same order, that we find in the earliest Christian worship, and that we see in the Mass today.
For evidence of the earliest Christian worship, I’m going to focus particularly on St. Justin Martyr, one of the earliest witnesses to Christianity, and his First Apology, written to defend Christianity to the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius. This account is rather early (about 155-157 A.D., which by way of reference is a couple of decades before Christians began to use “Trinity” to describe the Three Persons of God). Already in his writings we see that the 2nd century Christians have internalized the Scriptural teachings about worship and that they’re living them out as a Church, and he helps to show the thread that lies between the worship of 21st century Catholicism and of the 1st century Bible.