Answer:
A. licensure
Step-by-step explanation:
Before a pharmacist can start to practice, he must be licensed especially in the United States. Being certified, registered and recognized are just preliminary hurdles to be crossed before one is licensed.
In the United States for example, the requirements for practicing are different for the US trained pharmacists are different for the foreign trained pharmacists.
For a US trained pharmacist, he is required to first obtain Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree, and then pass the The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) to be certified. After these two, he is required to finally obtain a State Board License by meeting the requirements of the state before starting to practice. Note that each state has different requirements in the US.
For foreign trained pharmacist, he must first be qualified by being graduate an accredited school from any part of the world. If he has the qualification, he must then apply to write and pass the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee (FPGEC) Certification examination. After obtaining the FPGEC certification, he can then apply for the state licence of a state in the US in order to start practicing. After getting the licence of the state, he can start to practice immediately.
In order to apply for the FPGEC Certification, you must be a graduate of a recognized or accredited school
Pharmacists must be licensed to practice in the United States, and passing the FPGEE is only a preliminary hurdle. It establishes the candidate's eligibility for licensing, but doesn't confer any right to practice. Each state's board of pharmacy has different criteria for licensing, and may require candidates to pass one or more additional examinations, disclose any prior criminal or disciplinary history, and agree to abide by the state's code of ethical conduct. Some states might have additional requirements. Foreign-trained pharmacists considering multiple job offers should contact the boards of pharmacy in those states for detailed information on their licensing process.