Final answer:
Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is considered a fact, which is something that can be verified by compelling evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to a concept in epistemology, a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of knowledge. In the context provided, information that can be independently verified by any trained person is best described as c. Something that can be verified by compelling evidence. A fact is a piece of information that is true and can be proven correct or accurate. Reliable facts are built upon evidence and data that withstand scrutiny and can be repeatedly observed and verified through systematic methods or well-established processes, such as scientific experimentation or historical documentation. This is reflected in scientific endeavors, where important findings are immediately subject to independent verification to ensure the reliability and validity of the results. Thus, the credibility of a claim depends on the ability to substantiate it with evidence that can be independently checked and confirmed by others, which separates factual information from unfounded opinions or unverified statements.