Final answer:
Lysosomes are cell organelles that can trigger autolysis to destroy damaged or unhealthy cells through apoptosis, which involves releasing hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a cell is damaged or unhealthy, special organelles called lysosomes can release their digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm, resulting in the cell's destruction through a process known as autolysis. This is part of a controlled cell death mechanism, often referred to as apoptosis, which is crucial for the removal of cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism's health. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes, such as lipases, proteases, and nucleases, which are capable of breaking down all types of organic polymers including damaged cellular components.
This self-destruct feature of lysosomes functions as a vital cellular process for maintaining tissue health and integrity. In the immune system, for example, lysosomes in white blood cells are instrumental in destroying pathogens through a process known as phagocytosis. In addition to their role in apoptosis and immune defense, lysosomes are also involved in autophagy, where cells digest their own organelles and proteins to recycle molecules and ensure cellular survival during periods of stress or nutrient scarcity.