A) Role of agriculture:
In England a new agriculture appears, the fallow disappears since this one weathered the earth and the same one was badly used, obtaining a diminishing yield. The new agriculture introduced new crops and the feeding of livestock in stables. Finally capitalism triumphed on the field. Russia was subject to a feudal regime. The agricultural sector had little production because of the lack of techniques, they had a system of land rotation and no fodder was produced. The communist revolution of 1917 swept away any prospect of consolidating capitalist relations in the countryside and the modernization of the economic structure in that framework.
B) Industrialized sectors:
The industrialized sectors in England were the textile, another industry that develops is the metallurgy, they treated especially the transformations to the iron, as for example the pudding and the laminate. The railroad arises from the development of steel, mechanics and mining plus the existing surplus of internal and external capital that the English had to invest. With the Coke obtained from coal, they produced beams and rails that were used for the railroad. In Russia the situation of backwardness caused the State to face a process of investment in railways, mining and promotion of industry. The steel industry was imposed thanks to the growth of domestic demand for coal and iron. The emphasis is on heavy industry, the preference for the production of capital goods and armaments.
C) Role of the state:
In England the state since the sixteenth century had supported through an external policy, the economic and commercial expansion. The acceptance of free trade and non-government intervention did not occur until the second quarter of the nineteenth century. The actions of governments, although they respected free trade, were protagonists in the social sphere, in which collective interests such as education or working conditions were at stake. In Russia the state had a very marked interventionism. The sociopolitical structure of the empire was based on an autocracy, led by the Tsar. The situation of backwardness that Russia had was very deep, for which the State that was aware of this situation decides to modernize the structures and promotes industrialization. Most of the tax resources came from the redemption and tax payments for which the state exerted tax pressure on the peasants, since it extracted the surplus of production to finance the military apparatus, which led to continued stagnation in productivity. The state began to face a process of investment in railways, mining and promotion of industry, begins to be the engine of factory growth. The state was responsible for both production and consumption, either directly as owner of mines and railroads or indirectly through subsidies to companies and funds to the private banking system.