In 1829, Charles X had appointed Jules Armand de Polignac, an ultrareactionary,as his First Minister.In 1830,de Polignac introduced the July Ordinances,which dissolved the Chamber of Deputies,restricted the suffrage, and curtailed the freedom of the press.The reaction of the Parisians was to rise up in revolt (the July Revolution), which forced Charles to abdicate and flee the country.He was replaced as King by Louis-Phillipe de Orleans.