Final answer:
The ribosome is the primary organelle responsible for the synthesis of globulins, with attached ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum being particularly crucial, and the Golgi apparatus further modifying and processing the protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
Globulin is a type of protein that plays an important role in transporting substances in the blood and in immune responses. The synthesis of globulin, like other proteins, is a complex process that involves several organelles within a cell. The primary organelle responsible for the synthesis of globulin is the ribosome. Ribosomes are either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), forming what is known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
During protein synthesis, the ribosomes read the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) that originated from the DNA within the nucleus. The ribosome uses this information to assemble amino acids into the specific sequence needed to create a particular protein, like globulin. Once the initial synthesis is complete, the protein may undergo further modifications. These modifications take place in the Golgi apparatus, which is another organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell. Therefore, both the ribosomes, specifically those on the rough ER, and the Golgi apparatus play crucial roles in the synthesis and processing of the globulin protein.