The type of chemistry that allows the anthropologist to find out the nature of the substance in a mummy's wrap would be analytical chemistry. It is a branch of chemistry which deals with obtaining and processing information pertaining to the composition and the structure of the subject in question. It deals with apparatus and techniques to identify, separate and quantify a substance. It is the science of the determination of a substance and how much is present. By the analytical techniques, the anthropologist could hypothesize what is the substance of the wrap and its physical and chemical properties.