Final answer:
The primary curves of the vertebral column are the thoracic curve and the sacrococcygeal curve. These curves increase the vertebral column's strength, flexibility, and ability to absorb shock.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary curves of the vertebral column are the thoracic curve and the sacrococcygeal curve. These curves are called primary curves because they are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column. The thoracic curve involves the thoracic vertebrae, while the sacrococcygeal curve is formed by the sacrum and coccyx. These curves increase the vertebral column's strength, flexibility, and ability to absorb shock.