Question

What is the comparison and contrast of Odysseus and Polyphemus the cyclops?

Answer 1

In 'Homer's The Odyssey', Odysseus is characterized by his cunning and intellectual might, while Polyphemus the cyclops symbolizes brute strength and savagery. Their encounter emphasizes the Greek virtue of arete and explores the complexities of the human condition.

Step-by-step explanation:

The comparison and contrast between Odysseus and Polyphemus the cyclops are central to understanding the themes of cleverness, strength, and the tension between civilization and savagery in Homer's The Odyssey. Odysseus represents the cunning, intellectual aspect of humanity, as shown by his resourcefulness and strategic thinking, especially when he devises the plan to escape from Polyphemus by concealing himself and his men under the sheep. In contrast, Polyphemus is depicted as brutish and strong but lacking in intellect and social graces, exemplifying a primitive, uncivilized force that relies solely on physical power. This contrast not only emphasizes the Greek virtue of arete, valuing mental and moral excellence alongside physical strength, but it also highlights the complexities of the human condition as presented in the intricate narrative of the Odyssey.

Answer 2

Both Odysseus and Polyphemus are, in a way, selfish and reckless characters. Whereas Polyphemus is a one-eyed man-eating beast, Odysseus doesn't hesitate to sacrifice the lives of other people when it suits his interests. Also, Odysseus presents himself to Polyphemus as "Nobody", which is a symbolic act of dehumanizing himself, bringing himself in line with the Cyclope.

As for contrast, it is more obvious. Odysseus represents the power of human intelligence and ingenuity, while Polyphemus is almost a caricature, a grotesque one-eyed being whose only advantage is the enormous strength and the fact that his father is Poseidon.