Answer:
The Earth system depends on the interactions between the 4 subsystems, a slight change in one of these subsystems is capable of altering the equilibrium of the Earth system. These changes may lead to mass extinctions.
For example, if a phase of intense volcanism (geosphere) occurs, materials released by volcanoes (volcanic ash) can change climatic conditions (atmosphere) and cause flooding (hydrosphere) in places and drought elsewhere, which will influence life. (biosphere) in ecosystems.