average rate of change is just the slope betwen the points
that is just the slope between (-3,-3) and (-4,-1)
slpe between (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
so slope between (-3,-3) and (-4,-1) is (-1-(-3))/(-4-(-3))=(-1+3)/(-4+3)=2/-1=-2
the average rate of change is -2