Final answer:
In a eukaryotic cell, the nucleus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus work together in sequence to synthesize, fold, modify, and transport proteins to their required locations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The eukaryotic cell utilizes various organelles to produce, organize, and deliver proteins. Four main organelles are involved in this process:
Nucleus - Contains genetic material (DNA) and operates as the control center for the cell, dictating which proteins need to be synthesized by transcribing DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
Ribosomes - Where protein synthesis begins as they translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain, which will become a functional protein.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - As mRNA is translated by ribosomes on the RER's surface, the emerging protein is folded and undergoes initial modifications.
Golgi Apparatus - Receives proteins from the RER, processes them further through modifications, and then sorts and packages them into vesicles for transport to their final destinations.
These organelles coordinate in a specific sequence to ensure proteins are efficiently made and distributed where they are needed.