The correct answer is A) the ineffectiveness and weakness of American govenrment under the Articles of Confederation.
The Articles of Confederation was America's first constitution created after breaking away from Great Britain. This constitution created a very small and weak central (aka federal) government. This weak central government was created based on America's experience as colonists in which they experienced a tyrannical central government that passed laws without their voices being heard. This is why the Articles of Confederation does not give Congress (aka the federal government) the ability to collect taxes or regulate trade. Ultimately, this form of government was extremely ineffective in uniting the US. It would eventually be replaced by the US Constitution.