The correct option is D
The formation of the state is the process of developing a centralized government structure in a situation in which it previously did not exist. The formation of the state has been the object of study by many disciplines of the social sciences. In this study, states are usually differentiated into two types: primitive states (those that developed from stateless societies and occupy this article) and nation-states (which are treated in this other). There are different theories that explain both the origins of primitive states and contemporaries and academic debates are abundant in this regard.