Final answer:
Marco's assumption that Emma is an athlete based on her wearing a tracksuit is due to his activation of a 'role schema'. Schemata facilitate efficient information processing but can lead to inaccurate judgments if not adjusted with new information. Jose's behavior of dressing up for soccer is reflective of a 'script', which is a pre-defined set of behaviors for a given situation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario with Marco and Emma is an example of how schemata influence perception and understanding. When Marco, who is an athlete, sees Emma in a tracksuit, he activates a role schema and makes certain assumptions that she is an athlete too. This happens because schemata help people to process information efficiently by filling in gaps based on previous knowledge and experiences. In this case, Marco's schema for 'athlete' likely includes wearing sportswear like tracksuits, thus leading to the assumption.
However, schemata can be problematic despite their efficiency in information processing, as they may not always reflect accurate information. For example, the assumption that anyone wearing a tracksuit must be an athlete is not necessarily true. Schemata need to be flexible and must be adjusted when new information is presented, similar to how Abdul had to accommodate his schema for 'dog' to exclude sheep when he learned the difference.
José's behavior in dressing up in sports gear for soccer practice exemplifies a script, which is a type of schema involving a sequence of behaviors expected in particular contexts. In this instance, the script for attending soccer practice involves wearing certain attire, such as a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats.