Question

What are the main problems of evidence in dealing with early civilizations? to what extent have scholars managed to resolve some of these problems

Answer 1

Many early civilizations used primarily oral means to pass knowledge down, through myths, legend, epics, and songs, which is not as concrete as many historical scholars would prefer. Realizing that oral history is better than no history at all, scholars have embraced studying oral forms of history in addition to decaying bits of parchment and stone. 

Answer 2

"Artifacts and their comparison" are the main problems of evidence in dealing with early civilization.

Scholars also "found Indus valley civilization" near river Indus.

Step-by-step explanation:

Early civilization discovered in many parts of the world especially near Rivers where they get an adequate amount of drinking water and food.

By some major artifacts, Scholars managed to found out that Rivers are the main cause of Growth and Decline of these early civilizations.

Scholars found that Indus-valley civilization which was founded near the river Indus, was destroyed by the flood of Indus river but scholars could not found the exact fact some scholars, said it was destroyed by flood or earthquake could not say exactly.