Final answer:
Supporters of the League of Nations, such as Wilson, favored collective security through an international organization. Opponents, like Henry Cabot Lodge, feared the loss of national sovereignty and preferred alternatives, leading ultimately to the creation and support of the United Nations as the means to secure peace for the U.S.
Step-by-step explanation:
The quest for securing peace for the United States post-World War II took different shapes among various groups within the country. Supporters of the League of Nations, like President Woodrow Wilson, believed in the principle of collective security and proposed an international organization that could assure mutual defense and resolve disputes, evidenced by Wilson's lobbying for the League's creation and Article X of its covenant. However, opponents, including senators led by Henry Cabot Lodge, had reservations regarding potential entanglements in European conflicts and feared loss of national sovereignty. Alternative ideas for security like the informal Four Policemen proposed by Franklin Roosevelt, which included the United States, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union, evolved to support for the more structured United Nations, which gained popularity among the American public and eventually replaced the League of Nations as the international body intended to maintain global peace.