Final answer:
The term that describes an illness affecting the mind and inhibiting a person's functionality and social integration is mental illness, including conditions like schizophrenia and depression.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes an illness which affects the mind and reduces a person's ability to function, adjust to change, and get along with others is mental illness. Mental illnesses are a broad range of conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. Examples include schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and many more. These are nervous system disorders that can significantly impair an individual's quality of life and interfere with their daily functioning.
Mental illnesses can lead to challenges in performing routine tasks and maintaining social interactions. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is used to classify and diagnose different mental disorders, reflecting scientific knowledge on the symptoms and causes related to each condition. Effective treatment and management of these illnesses often require a comprehensive approach that can include medication, therapy, and support systems.