Final answer:
The numerical measures from the observational study of law firm executives are referred to as quantitative data, which involves measurable information suitable for statistical analysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The numerical measures obtained from the observational research of chief executives from a selection of law firms pertain to quantitative data. This type of data includes measurable information such as ages, revenues, prices, and other numerical variables that can be analyzed statistically. To give an example, the ages of chief executive officers of certain small firms published by a business magazine could be part of such an observational study. Studies like these provide insights into various aspects of businesses and their leadership. Typically, observational studies do not involve manipulating variables or creating experimental conditions; instead, they involve observing and recording data in a natural setting.