Question

How are the functions f(x) = 16^x and g(x) = 16^1/2x related???

Answer 1

The output values of g(x) are the square root of the output values of f(x) for the same value of x

Answer 2

f(x) = 16^x = 8^2x
g(x) = 16^1/2x = 8^x

So you can see the relationship. They are all of the type a^bx form, with same base of a, f(x) will have larger increasing rate.