Answer:
Answer is
Option c) missing data
Explanation:
Given that last year, the average math SAT score for students at one school was 475. The headmaster then introduced a new teaching method hoping to improve scores. This year, the mean math SAT score for a sample of students was 491. The headmaster concluded that the new teaching method produces higher SAT scores.
For comparing or checking whether there is real improvement we must have the sample size, std deviation before and after also. Then only we can find test statistic and conclude whether the contention of the head master is statistically based.
Hence here the problem is missing data