Final answer:
The industrialization of Europe in the 19th century led to a shift from Romanticism to Realism in art and literature. This was influenced by social and economic changes, advancements in materials and techniques, and a new focus on depicting the realities of everyday life.
Step-by-step explanation:
The industrialization of Europe in the early 19th century brought about a change from Romanticism to Realism in art and literature in several ways. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution led to significant social and economic changes, including a rise in poverty and hardships for many people. Realism emerged as a response to this, with artists and writers portraying the realities of everyday life, including the struggles of the working class.
Secondly, industrialization brought advancements in materials and techniques, making art more accessible and portable. Artists were able to work outdoors, capturing real-life scenes and embracing naturalistic ideas. This ultimately led to the development of Impressionism, which revolutionized the use of light, color, and brushstrokes in art.