Final answer:
Alkalosis is a condition where body fluids are excessively alkaline, leading to a higher-than-normal pH level above 7.45, caused by factors like respiratory disorders, aspirin overdose, and metabolic issues like severe vomiting.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when the blood and other body fluids become too alkaline, with a pH above 7.45. This imbalance can be caused by various factors, including respiratory disorders such as lung disease, aspirin overdose, shock, and anxiety, leading to respiratory alkalosis by causing low levels of carbon dioxide. Additionally, metabolic alkalosis can occur due to reasons such as prolonged, severe vomiting, certain medications like diuretics, and overconsumption of antacids. Both types of alkalosis disturb the normal concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate in the body, potentially affecting enzyme function and overall health.