The correct answer is C) The population moved from rural to urban settings.
A major effect of the new economic prosperity in medieval Europe was the population moved from rural to urban settings.
When good economic times started to be present in Medieval times in Europe, kingdoms and cities started to flourish and more jobs attracted other people. So people who lived in rural areas seem this as an opportunity to move to the larger cities looking for better living conditions for their families.
The other options of the question were A) more food was available for townspeople. B) fewer people were required to farm the land. D) Towns were seldom chartered by a king or lord.