At the top, we have a diagram that indicates what mRNA produces for each amino acid; and in the table, we have to also put the DNA triplet and the tRNA anticodon.
Both DNA and RNA are made of nucleic acids, which have a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
The two things that change between RNA and DNA are what sugar they have, in the RNA is a Ribose and in the DNA is a Desoxyribose; and in RNA the Thymine is substituted by the Uracil.
The nitrogenous bases of the DNA (cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine) fit into each other like puzzle pieces, and this means that they form pair bases that make the DNA a double helix.
They pair in the following way:
• G,uanine and ,C,ytosine (,G, - ,C,)
,
• A,denine and ,T,hymine (,A -T,)
When translation occurs, the strands of the DNA separate, and a complementary strand of mRNA is formed, like the negative of a photograph.
Given that the RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine, that means that they pair as follows:
• G,uanine and Cytosine (,G-C,)
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• T,hymine and Adenine (,T- A,) (DNA to RNA)
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• A,denine and Uracil (,A-U,) (DNA to RNA)
For example, if the DNA sequence is: GGAATC, the complementary mRNA would be CCUUAG. There is uracil instead of thymine in the RNA.
The mRNA goes to the ribosomes, where the matching tRNA brings the proper amino acid to add to the forming protein, each tRNA has a particular amino acid attached to it. The tRNA is complementary to the mRNA (is like the positive of the photograph), which means that the tRNA anticodon is almost the same that the original DNA triplet, just with uracil (tRNA) instead of thymine (DNA).
The codon diagram has the sequence in mRNA, this means we use mRNA to know what amino acid they code for.
DNA is like something you want to make a copy of, mRNA is what you get when you put silicon over and make a cast, and the tRNA is what you get from the cast.
So, we can complete the last 5 rows of the table as follows:
TAT - AUA - UAU - Isoleucine
TCG - AGC - UCG - Serine
ATT - UAA - AUU - stop codon
CCA - GGU - CCA - Glycine
GGC- CCG - GGC - Proline