Final answer:
The New Jersey Plan argued for equal representation for each state in Congress, regardless of population size. It was designed to protect smaller states' interests against the potentially dominating influence of larger states.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument from the New Jersey Plan which countered the Virginia Plan was that it would provide equal representation for each state, irrespective of its population size. The New Jersey Plan envisioned a continuation of the unicameral legislative structure from the Articles of Confederation, where each state wielded a single vote. This approach aimed to protect the interests of smaller states against the larger ones, preventing an imbalance in power where states with higher populations might dominate the national legislature.