Final answer:
Climate is the term that best describes the temperature and weather conditions of an organism's environment, crucial for survival and functioning due to its impact on physiology and metabolic rate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that best describes the temperature and weather conditions of an organism's environment is climate. Climate represents the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time and includes both temperature and moisture levels. It's essential for the survival and functioning of organisms, as temperature impacts an organism's physiology and metabolic rate. For instance, temperature influences enzymatic reactions, and extreme temperatures can be detrimental. Temperature's effect is particularly notable in terrestrial biomes, where there is less buffering against fluctuations compared to aquatic environments. Organisms have evolved various adaptations to maintain homeostasis amidst environmental changes. This includes polar bears with their insulating fur and blubber and bacteria thriving in extreme heat.