Final answer:
Specialization encourages interdependence among nations as it leads to them focusing on production efficiencies in certain goods and necessitates trade for other products. This results in a global network of trade relationships that enhance overall living standards but also create vulnerabilities such as dependence on international trade flow, which can be disrupted by barriers or disputes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Specialization among nations encourages interdependence primarily because it leads to countries focusing on producing specific goods efficiently and then trading to obtain other things they need. This is the essence of comparative advantage, where each nation leverages its strengths and trade becomes a necessity to acquire products or resources that are not produced locally. For instance, if nation A specializes in producing steel but requires grain, while nation B specializes in producing grain but requires steel, both nations would benefit from trading with each other.
Dependency on global trade does have some disadvantages; disputes or trade barriers can affect the flow of goods, compelling nations to seek new trade partners or begin self-sufficiency measures, potentially at a higher cost. However, interdependence often results in overall higher standards of living due to more efficient resource allocation and access to a wider range of products and services. Restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or quotas, can serve to protect domestic industries or preserve national security but may also reduce the benefits of competitive pricing and product quality for consumers.