The answer is: [C]: "a disease that the patient does not have" .
________________________________________________________
Note:
________________________________________________________
Choice [A]: "symptoms and underlying cause of disease" ; this could be true in the case of "misdiagnosis". Since some delayed-onset diseases/medical conditions manifest that cannot be predicted and that do not occur unit many, many years later; misdiagnosis could be the interpretation of something else —or a provisional; diagnosis; or some working diagnosis/es; or diagnosis/es of symptoms. However, this would NOT be consistent with what 'misdiagnosis' GENERALLY involves.
______________________________________________________
Choice: [B]: "a disease which patient actually suffers."
→ incorrect answer choice. This is NOT misdiagnosis but rather the correct, or proper, diagnosis.
______________________________________________________
Choice: [C]: "a disease that the patient does not have." ;
→ Yes; such a diagnosis and treatment of this is VERY consistent with "misdiagnosis". This could definitely be a correct answer choice.
______________________________________________________
Choice: [D]: "both a disease from which the patient actually suffers as well as symptoms and underlying causes of said disease." ;
→ Incorrect response. This answer choice provides: 1) the incorrect, inconsistent response shown in "Choice [B]" ; along with: 2) an incorrect response that is COMPLETELY opposite from and inconsistent with "misdiagnosis" (and supports the aforementioned "response # 1" mentioned in this very answer choice).
__________________________________________________________
The best answer choice — and correct answer choice — is:
__________________________________________________________
Answer choice: [C]: " a disease that the patient does not have" .
__________________________________________________________