Final answer:
Anaxagoras and Empedocles believed the universe was governed by different forces or substances, such as the mind and opposing forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaxagoras and Empedocles, two early Greek philosophers, believed that the universe was governed by different forces or substances. Anaxagoras believed that the universe was controlled by mind or “nous,” while Empedocles believed that love and strife were the opposing forces that mixed and combined the four basic elements of air, earth, fire, and water. These philosophers were part of the pre-Socratic period of Greek philosophy, which focused on understanding the nature of the world through reason and logic.