A negative component is the process of converting a negative power to become a positive number by making a reciprocal of it.
E. g.
y^-3 = 1/y^3. y raised to the power of -3 becomes the reciprocal of y raised to the power of 3. Thus, the negative attached to 3 disappears making it positive through its reciprocal
Fractional exponent the process of converting a number or variable having a numerator and denominator in its power, to their root like form.
For example
5^2/3 = 3√5^2. So, 5 raised to the power of 2/3 becomes cube root of 5 raised to the power of 2