The executive branch consuls: it is elected by an assembly; ruled as chief executives for one year and it controlled the military
legislative branch
Senate: it had around 300 members; specifically chosen by aristocrats and they were responsible for foreign affairs and financial policies
Centuriate Assembly: was a group of citizen soldiers that were members for the rest of their life, elected consuls and drafted/passed legislation
Tribal Assembly: Citizens were put into groups depending on where they lived, members for life, elected tribunes
Judicial Branch
Praetors: Eight judges were chosen by the Centuriate Assembly to serve for a only a year, two of the eight supervised civil court and criminal court
legal code:
The Twelve Tables was similar to the Bill of Rights, but it only protected free-born male citizens under the law.
citizenship
Given to adult man landowners.
one major difference was
Dictators appointed by consuls and elected by the Senate in a time of catastrophe, power lasted for six months
The american republic
The Founding Fathers of the US borrowed some of the elements of government from Rome, but they developed and added a few innovations. Unlike Rome, checks and balances came from the workings of three areas of government: a President, who was responsible for the jobs of Commander in Chief of the military, would appoint ambassadors to take care of foreign policy, and could propose laws to the Legislative Branch; the Legislative Branch, including both a Senate, whose members are elected for six year terms, and a House of Representatives, whose members are elected for two year terms. Both houses need to agree on a law before it is sent to the President for signature. Finally, they created an independent Judiciary known as the Supreme Court whose job it was to ensure that laws passed by the Legislature were consistent with the U.S. Constitution.
The Roman government, though was advanced for its time, it was was overcome with corruption and instability. The Senate would usually have more power over the Executive branch and there was very little to no independence among the branches of government, which tended to be heavily influenced by dominant political faction. The United States distributes its power evenly. Because each state has both local and national representatives, it helps promote the interests of the people in a way that Roman government did not. The American Republic is a lot more evolved and refined then that of Ancient Rome.